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Nguyễn Đình Chiểu
Nguyễn Đình Chiểu (; July 1, 1822 – July 3, 1888) was a Vietnamese poet who was known for his nationalist and anti-colonial writings against the French colonization of Cochinchina, the European name for the southern part of Vietnam.〔Bruce M. Lockhart, William J. Duiker ''Historical Dictionary of Vietnam'' 2006 "Nguyễn Đình Chiểu (1822-1888). Scholar and poet in 19th century Vietnam. Blind from childhood, Nguyễn Đình Chiểu taught school in his home province of Gia Dinh until the French conquest of Cochin China. He then resigned and moved to Bén Tre, where he began to write poetry; the primary theme of his writing ...."〕〔Wynn Wilcox ''Vietnam and the West: New Approaches'' 2010 Page 110 "As the blind, anticolonialist, southern poet Nguyễn Đình Chiểu wrote in praise of common people who died committed to such resistance, "It was better to return to our ancestors in glory rather than survive in submission to the occidentals ..."〕
He was the best known opponent of collaboration in the south of Vietnam and was regarded as the poet laureate of the southerners who continued to defy the Treaty of Saigon which ceded southern Vietnam to France, disobeying the royal orders of Emperor Tự Đức to continue harassing the French forces. His epic poem, ''Lục Vân Tiên'', remains one of the most celebrated works in Vietnamese literature.
==Life==
Chiểu was born in the southern province of Gia Định, the location of modern Saigon. He was of gentry parentage; his father was a native of Thừa Thiên–Huế, near Huế; but, during his service to the imperial government of Emperor Gia Long, he was posted south to serve under Lê Văn Duyệt, the governor of the south. There, he took a second wife, who bore him four sons, one of whom was Chiểu.〔
In 1843, he passed the regional imperial examinations, and in 1846, he traveled to the capital, Huế, for the opening of the metropolitan examinations. However, while in Huế, he was informed of the death of his mother, so he withdrew from the examinations and returned to Gia Định. However, on the journey south, he contracted an eye infection and was soon completely blind. In spite of his disability, he opened a small school in Gia Định and was soon in high demand as both a teacher and a medical practitioner.〔
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